Fruiting Characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated on Oil Palm Leaf, Empty Fruit Bunch and Frond-Based Substrates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jrp.7.2.113-121.2026Keywords:
Pleurotus ostreatus, oil palm waste, sustainable mushroom cultivationAbstract
Oil palm residues offer potential co-substrates for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation. This study compared fruiting characteristics on three substrates containing 50% sawdust and 50% oil palm leaves (P1), empty fruit bunches (P2), or oil palm fronds (P3). A randomized block design comprising three treatments and eight blocks (24 baglogs) was used. The number of fruiting clumps, number of caps, and mean pileus diameter were evaluated by randomized-block ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test at the 5% level. The reported treatment means were highest for P3 (8.25 clumps, 10.50 caps, and 6.49 cm), intermediate for P1 (4.13 clumps, 7.50 caps, and 4.38 cm), and lowest for P2 (0.13 clumps, 0.38 caps, and 0.38 cm). The reported multiple-comparison groupings indicated differences among treatments for each variable (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the frond–sawdust formulation supported better fruiting characteristics under the conditions evaluated. Differences in substrate structure and chemical composition may contribute to this pattern, but these properties were not measured. Further work should quantify fresh yield, biological efficiency, and substrate composition before drawing economic or mechanistic conclusions.
Downloads
References
Andlar, M., Rezić, T., Marđetko, N., Kracher, D., Ludwig, R., & Šantek, B. (2018). Lignocellulose degradation: An overview of fungi and fungal enzymes involved in lignocellulose degradation. In Engineering in Life Sciences (Vol. 18, Number 11, pp. 768–778). Wiley-VCH Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201800039
Aubrey, M. L. L., Chin, C. F. S., Seelan, J. S. S., Chye, F. Y., Lee, H. H., & Rakib, M. R. M. (2022). Conversion of Oil Palm By-Products into Value-Added Products through Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Cultivation. Horticulturae, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111040
Azman, N. F., Katahira, T., Nakanishi, Y., Chisyaki, N., Uemura, S., Yamada, M., Takayama, K., Oshima, I., Yamaguchi, T., Hara, H., & Yamauchi, M. (2023). Sustainable oil palm biomass waste utilization in Southeast Asia: Cascade recycling for mushroom growing, animal feedstock production, and composting animal excrement as fertilizer. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2023.100058
De Mastro, F., Traversa, A., Matarrese, F., Cocozza, C., & Brunetti, G. (2023). Influence of Growing Substrate Preparation on the Biological Efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus. Horticulturae, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040439
Desisa, B., Muleta, D., Dejene, T., Jida, M., Goshu, A., Negi, T., & Martin-Pinto, P. (2024). Utilization of local agro-industrial by-products-based substrates to enhance production and dietary value of mushroom (P. ostreatus) in Ethiopia. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-04062-3
Dimawarnita, F., Perwitasari, U., Marsudi, S., Faramitha, Y., & Suharyanto. (2022). The Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Growth of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Biodelignification Process During Planting Cycle. Agrivita, 44(1), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v44i1.2311
Doroški, A., Klaus, A., Režek Jambrak, A., & Djekic, I. (2022). Food Waste Originated Material as an Alternative Substrate Used for the Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus): A Review. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 14, Number 19). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912509
Fufa, B. K., Tadesse, B. A., & Tulu, M. M. (2021). Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on Agricultural Wastes and Their Combination. International Journal of Agronomy, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1465597
Gebru, H., Belete, T., & Faye, G. (2024). Growth and Yield Performance of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated on Agricultural Residues. Mycobiology, 52(6), 388–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2024.2399353
Hoa, H. T., Wang, C. L., & Wang, C. H. (2015). The effects of different substrates on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of two oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus cystidiosus). Mycobiology, 43(4), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.4.423
Karmani, M., Subramaniam, G., Sivasamugham, L. A., Cheng, W. H., & Wong, L. S. (2022). Effects of Different Substrates on the Growth and Nutritional Composition of Pleurotus ostreatus: A Review. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 10(3), 481–486. https://doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(3).481.486
Megersa, S., & Tolessa, A. (2024). Enhancing yields of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes mushrooms using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) supplemented with locally available feedstock as substrate. Heliyon, 10(20). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39113
Melanouri, E. M., Dedousi, M., & Diamantopoulou, P. (2022). Cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom strains on agro-industrial residues in solid-state fermentation. Part I: Screening for growth, endoglucanase, laccase, and biomass production in the colonization phase. Carbon Resources Conversion, 5(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2021.12.004
Okoko. (2025). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Journal of Research in Forestry. In JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND ENVIRONMENT (Vol. 17, Number 2). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe
Orngu, O. A., Mbaeyi-Nwaoha, I. E., Unagwu, B. O., & Etim, V. E. (2021). Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Cultivation Using Sawdust and Different Organic Manures. Asian Food Science Journal, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2021/v20i530299
Pedroso, M. L., Alagos, A. L. C., Esgrina, F. Jr. O., Habibun, J. F., Maun, J. N., & Rodriguez, R. M. M. (2025). Maximizing Pleurotus ostreatus yield with sustainable agricultural waste substrates in Arakan, Cotabato, Philippines. Nusantara Bioscience, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n170107
Ramdhoani, Luh Putu Yuni Widyastuti, & Ni Putu Eka Pratiwi. (2025). Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleorotus ostreatus) pada Variasi Media Tumbuh yang Diperkaya Limbah Organik. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 16(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.16.1.24-31
Sathiyaseelan, M., Kannadhasan, V., Tamilpriyan, S., Balaji, K., & Saranya, V. (2024). Cultivation potential of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) using agricultural wastes as substrates. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 81(2), 196–199. https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2024.81.2.12
Silva, S. A. da, Zárate-Salazar, J. R., Monteiro, R. E. P., Medeiros, R. L. de, Souza, H. A. N. de, de Oliveira Dias, B., & Pereira, F. de O. (2025). Assessment of the productive and biodegradative non-enzymatic performance of Pleurotus mushrooms grown on agricultural wastes of sugarcane bagasse and banana leaves. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 41(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04373-z
Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Zhao, Y., & Kakumyan, P. (2022). Impact of Cultivation Substrate and Microbial Community on Improving Mushroom Productivity: A Review. In Biology (Vol. 11, Number 4). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040569
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Herlina Mega Puspitasari, Julsento HP, Wini Prayogi Abdila, Muhammad Parikesit Wisnubroto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
